Analysis of Immune Profiles Related to Disease Severity in COVID-19 by Flow Cytometry

Background: More than 768 million people have been affected by COVID-19. Identifying lymphocyte subsets and cytokine level abnormalities in COVID-19 patients is essential to gain new insights data on immunity mechanisms against viral infections. Objectives: We used flow cytometry determine the relationship between disease severity, distribution, alterations patients. Methods: Totally 94 (32 mild, 31 moderate, severe) 27 healthy individuals were included cross-sectional study. The distribution of peripheral levels was assessed cytometry. Results: percentages CD56+ Natural Killer (NK) cells all patient groups total T lymphocytes moderate severe significantly lower those control group (P < 0.001). Also, IL-2 0.001), IL-17A IL-4 IL-6 TNF-α = 0.004), IP-10 IFN-λ1 (IL-29) IFN-λ2/3 (IL-28A/B) 0.011), IFN-β IL-10 IFN-γ 0.001) statistically higher controls. Conclusions: Our revealed that increased certain cytokines blood contribute severity. Increased CRP (OR: 1.012, %95 CI: 1.002 - 1.023, P 0.038) 1.068, 1.000 1.141, 0.049) levels, decreased NK percentage 0.576, 0.376 0.882, 0.011) count 0.02, 0.001 0.368, 0.009), presence diabetes mellitus mechanical ventilation independent predictors mortality.